GABA

Important role in the nervous system

GABA is a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Neurotransmitters are also known as messenger substances and are responsible for transporting information back and forth between the individual cells of the nervous system. What is interesting about GABA is that it has the structure of an amino acid and is therefore also referred to as an amino acid neurotransmitter. It is important to note, however, that this is a non-protein amino acid. This means that the body does not use it to build proteins. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is produced from the amino acid glutamate. It plays an important role in the central nervous system and is primarily active in the brain. Approximately 25 to 50 per cent of all synapses are equipped with GABA receptors and can therefore be inhibited. GABA’s role in the body is to block or inhibit certain signals that originate in or reach the brain. It is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human body. This helps to reduce the activity of the nervous system. Although the neurotransmitter was discovered as early as 1883, it was initially regarded merely as a metabolic product of plants and microorganisms. In 1950, the amino acid was finally identified as being present in the brains of mammals, and therefore also in humans. However, its significance and vital role in the human body were not recognised until 1966.

Effects of a deficiency

It can be important for the body and the brain to switch off from time to time. If you are under constant stress and your nerves are not given a break, the brain can become unbalanced, which has serious consequences. Consequences of a GABA deficiency can include increased nervousness or inner restlessness. Irritability, panic attacks or anxiety can also indicate a deficiency. In fact, insomnia, muscle pain, headaches, sweaty hands or chronic fatigue can also be consequences of a nervous system imbalance. Researchers have also identified a link between neurological disorders and low GABA levels. In a study of patients with schizophrenia, only a low concentration of the amino acid was found in the brain.

Supplementation

GABA supplementation should always be tailored to an individual’s weight and age. It may be advisable to consult a doctor. In general, studies have shown that doses below 30 mg only affect the autonomic nervous system. Only higher doses of the GABA amino acid are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the central nervous system. The effects of the dietary supplement were observed within 30 minutes of taking it. It is important to take it for at least a few days in order to notice any effects. The ideal daily dose is between 100 and 300 mg. Ideally, it should be taken in the evening before going to bed. Furthermore, care should be taken to ensure an increased fluid intake. The amino acid is usually available in capsule form. This not only has the advantage that the capsules are tasteless, but also makes dosing very straightforward.

GABA in food

Gamma-aminobutyric acid is present in several foods and can be obtained through the diet. Examples of foods with a high GABA concentration include tomatoes, asparagus, potatoes, pumpkin seeds and rice. However, the concentration depends on growing conditions. Plants produce GABA in response to stress: if plants are subjected to high levels of environmental stress, the concentration also rises. This includes heat, cold, lack of oxygen, darkness or sub-optimal nutrient levels in the soil. As food is now produced and grown under almost optimal conditions, the level of this neurotransmitter is also falling. One way to counteract this is by sprouting seeds and grains. Certain lactic acid bacteria in yoghurts can also produce the amino acid. Another simple way to prevent or combat a deficiency is to take a dietary supplement. The positive effects are now well known, meaning that products containing GABA are available in Switzerland and worldwide from many online shops, including VITALOVE. GABA can also be produced through physical activities such as yoga or meditation. However, research findings show that obtaining it through food is most effective. This may be because food also contains other substances and vitamins, which can enhance the absorption of the neurotransmitter.